Un estudio internacional revela que un 4% de las muertes se producen por pasar más de tres horas al día en una actitud sedentaria, pero los especialistas no acaban de creérselo.
Uno de los estudios conocidos en los últimos días que más controversia ha generado se refiere a las consecuencias, siempre nefastas del sedentarismo. Un estudio internacional, en el que han participado investigadores de 54 países –entre ellos un equipo de la Universidad San Jorge de Zaragoza–, asegura que un 3,8% de las muertes totales del mundo se deben a que la sociedad pasa más de tres horas al día sentados. El informe cuenta no sólo con el apoyo de un grupo científico amplio y multidisciplinar, sino que además se edita en una publicación de reconocido prestigio mundial, la ‘Revista Americana de Medicina Preventiva’. Su contenido, sin embargo, ha levantado muchas sospechas entre la comunidad científica. «Es un trabajo muy controvertido, porque al parecer, está patrocinado por una multinacional del sector de los muebles», afirma Blanca Usoz, especialista en Medicina Familiar y del Trabajo.
Varios estudios publicados en 2012 en la revista Lancet coincidieron en que un 31% de la población mundial no cumple con las recomendaciones generales sobre ejercicio físico, según recuerda la agencia de noticias científicas SINC. Bastaría con media hora de caminata al día para mantenernos en forma, pero no lo hacemos. Con lo que sí se cumple una buena parte d ela población, por razones obvias, es con la obligación de permanecer sentado durante siete o ocho horas al día, generalmente delante de un ordenador. La falta de ejercicio está relacionada con las enfermedades no infecciosas que más muertes causan, que son las cardiovasculares y los cánceres.
El ‘efecto silla’
Ahora, en los últimos días, se han conocido nuevos datos, gracias al trabajo publicado en ‘American Journal of Preventive Medicine’. Más del 60% de las personas de todo el mundo pasa más de tres horas al día sentado. La media en los adultos alcanza la nada despreciable cifra de las 4,7 horas. Ese sedentarismo obligado, que los investigadores han bautizado como ‘efecto silla’ es el responsable directo de casi el 4% de las muertes de todo el mundo. A este resultado se ha llegado tras analizar datos referidos a los años que van desde 2002 y 2011 en la mortalidad de 54 países.
Los autores de la investigación aseguran que esa media hora de ejercicio diario podría tener un impacto importantísimo en la mortalidad, que se reduciría hasta el 0,6%. Con sólo reducir una hora de silla, las muertes bajarían ya notablemente hasta el 2,3%. Como curiosidad, el país más sedentario de los estudiados es Líbano, con un valor del 11,6%, por delante de Países Bajos (7,6%) y Dinamarca (6,9%). España se encuentra justo en la media internacional, con un 3,7% de muertes ligadas a tan extendidísimo fenómeno. Los mejores resultados están en México (0,6%), Myanmar, que es la antigua Birmania (1,3%) y Bután (1,6%).
Expertos como Blanca Usoz no acaban de creérselo. «Sospechamos que existe una relación entre mortalidad y sedentarismo, pero es muy difícil atribuir de manera directa un 4% de las muertes del mundo a una causa como ésta», afirma. «Es importante moverse y no se compensa el efecto pernicioso del sedentarismo haciendo deporte. Si has pasado muchas horas sentado, ya las has pasado. Aún así –concluye– me parece demasiado alarmante plantear algo así».
Fermín Apezteguia
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